Leaves have evolved to effectively harvest light, and, in parallel, to balance photosynthetic
CO2 assimilation with water losses. At times, leaves must operate under light limiting …

Higher plants have proliferated a wide range of internal leaf structures, and yet they
demonstrate ecological convergences in similar ecosystems, which are widely interpreted to …

Plant leaves collectively represent the largest above-ground surface area of plant material in
virtually all environments. Their optical properties determine where and how energy and gas …

Plant leaves provide the following main functions:(1) light interception and utilization of light
energy for photosynthesis. This includes efficient light absorption under low and moderate …

Plant organs are composed of many tissue types containing specialised cells differing in
chemical composition and structure. This complexity results in complicated and variable …

The optical properties of leaves are remarkable: leaf epidermal cells commonly focus light;
palisade cells channel light; and the intercellular air spaces intensely scatter light, which …

Abstract Changes in the efficiency of light interception and in the costs for light harvesting
along the light gradients from the top of the plant canopy to the bottom are the major means …

This review examines how leaf trichomes influence leaf physiological responses to abiotic
environmental drivers. Leaf trichomes are known to modulate leaf traits, particularly radiation …

Leaves interact with light in ways that create a spectral footprint of the terrestrial environment
of our planet. Most of the visible light penetrating the Earth's atmosphere is absorbed by …

The pleasant green appearance of plants, caused by their reflectance of wavelengths in the
500–600 nm range, might give the impression that green light is of minor importance in …