Natural selection is expected to favor the evolution of threat-sensitive behaviors that permit
individuals to adaptively detect and respond to danger. However, because time allocated to …

Predators have a major influence on prey populations and broader ecosystem dynamics
through both their consumptive and non-consumptive effects. Prey employ risk-induced trait …

Trade-offs between foraging and predator avoidance may affect an animal's survival and
reproduction. These trade-offs may be influenced by differences in vegetative cover …

Highlights•Multidimensional plasticity describes trait responses to change in multiple
variables.•We tested multidimensional plasticity and personality of antipredator …

The behavior of prey individuals is influenced by a variety of factors including, but not limited
to, habitat configuration, risk of predation, and availability of resources, and these habitat …

How individuals balance time spent satisfying nutritional needs and time spent being vigilant
to protect against potential predation has received abundant attention from researchers …

In order to test how flexibly animals are able to behave when making trade-offs that involve
assessing constantly changing risks, we examined whether wild Eastern grey squirrels …

Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals.
Individual strategies to acquire, process, store and use information to solve cognitive tasks …

Understanding the distribution of individuals in space is a primary concern to ecologists and
managers. With the advent of remote monitoring technology, we have been able to answer …

Predator–prey relationships provide an excellent opportunity to study coevolved
adaptations. Decades of theoretical and empirical research have illuminated the various …