The CNS is prone to heterogeneous insults of diverse etiologies that elicit multifaceted
responses. Acute and focal injuries trigger wound repair with tissue replacement. Diffuse …

Inadequate axonal regeneration is a common phenomenon occurring following acute injury
to the central nervous system (CNS), and is often associated with permanent neurological …

Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis accompany most of the pathologies in the brain,
spinal cord, and retina. Reactive gliosis has been described as constitutive, graded, multi …

Astrocytes maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by eg recycling of
neurotransmitters and providing nutrients to neurons. Astrocytes function also as key …

Spinal cord and brain injuries lead to complex cellular and molecular interactions within the
central nervous system in an attempt to repair the initial tissue damage. Many studies have …

Astrocytes play essential roles in development, homeostasis, injury, and repair of the central
nervous system (CNS). Their development is tightly regulated by distinct spatial and …

In injury and disease, microglia and astrocytes-two major non-neuronal cell types in the
central nervous system (CNS)-undergo morphological, transcriptional, and functional …

Neuroinflammation is a complex integration of the responses of all cells present within the
CNS, including the neurons, macroglia, microglia and the infiltrating leukocytes. The …

Astrocytes become activated (reactive) in response to many CNS pathologies, such as
stroke, trauma, growth of a tumor, or neurodegenerative disease. The process of astrocyte …

Given the complexities of the mammalian CNS, its regeneration is viewed as the holy grail of
regenerative medicine. Extraordinary efforts have been made to understand developmental …