Background Psychological factors influence or are associated with physical function, pain,
and health care costs among individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions. Recent …

Study Design Clinical measurement, cross-sectional. Background Pain-associated
psychological distress adversely influences outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pain …

The physical therapy profession has long recognized the importance of physical therapists
determining whether a need for a patient referral to another healthcare practitioner exists …

Study Design Literature review and cross-sectional study. Background Direct access to
physical therapy necessitates greater responsibility to determine appropriateness of care by …

Originally the term “yellow flags” was used to describe psychosocial prognostic factors for
the development of disability following the onset of musculoskeletal pain. The identification …

Abstract Objectives Physical therapists (PTs) may practice in direct access or act as primary
care practitioners, which necessitate patients' screening and management for red, orange …

Screening for red flags in individuals with low back pain (LBP) has been a historical
hallmark of musculoskeletal management. Red flag screening is endorsed by most LBP …

Purpose Yellow flags are psychosocial associated with a greater likelihood of progression to
persistent pain and disability. These are referred to as obstacles to recovery. Despite their …

Purpose Physical therapists play a crucial role in managing persistent pain and disability.
Since psychosocial factors are important predictors of poor patient outcomes, it is essential …

Psychological characteristics consistently predict clinical outcomes for musculoskeletal pain
conditions. The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag …