Maneuvering safely through the environment is central to survival of almost all species. The
ability to do this depends on learning and remembering locations. This capacity is encoded …

Maneuvering safely through the environment is central to survival of all animals. The ability
to do this depends on learning and remembering locations. This capacity is encoded in the …

Performance in the Morris water maze has been widely used in routine behavioural studies
of rodents. Since the advent of computer-based virtual environments, adaptations of the …

This study used computer-generated (“virtual”) mazes to investigate sex differences in the
efficiency of spatial route learning in humans. Correlations between maze performance and …

Spatial behavior in humans and animals includes a wide variety of behavioral competences
and makes use of a large number of sensory cues. Here we studied the ability of human …

Since the early part of the 20th century, a variety of experimental procedures have been
developed for animals that employ the escape from water as a means to motivate learning …

In this report we describe a model that applies Marr's theory of hippocampal function to the
problem of map‐based navigation. Like many others we attribute a spatial memory function …

Allocentric spatial memory was studied in dogs of varying ages and sources using a
landmark discrimination task. The primary goal of this study was to develop a protocol to test …

The Morris water swimming task provides an ideal way of studying spatial navigational
abilities in rats. It requires that rats swim to find a platform located just below the surface of …

In the present study, we tested the spatial learning behavior of four different mouse strains
(129/Sv, BALB/c, C57BL and Swiss) in a newly developed circular maze. The maze was …