Background Drug development is currently hampered by high attrition rates; many
developed treatments fail during clinical testing. Part of the attrition may be due to low …

Because of a variety of caveats, the safety and effectiveness of interventions in human
subjects can only be speculated from animal studies. Careful synthesis of data from multiple …

Methods The 7 leading scientific journals by citation impact factor (Journal Citation Reports,
Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, Pa, 2004) that regularly publish original animal studies …

The failure rate for the translation of drugs from animal testing to human treatments remains
at over 92%, where it has been for the past few decades. The majority of these failures are …

Background The pharmaceutical industry is in the midst of a productivity crisis and rates of
translation from bench to bedside are dismal. Patients are being let down by the current …

Preclinical evidence, like clinical evidence, is used to inform decisions about the safety and
e icacy of treatments for participants in clinical trials.[1] Unlike clinical studies, most …

Carlijn Hooijmans and colleagues discuss developments that might improve the quality and
translation of animal research, focusing on the importance of systematic reviews, the role of …

Introduction While back translation has been widely used in medical research surveying
linguistically diverse populations, research literature often fails to document this complex …

Abstract" Translational medicine" as a fashionable term is being increasingly used to
describe the wish of biomedical researchers to ultimately help patients. Despite increased …

Despite large investments in drug development, the overall success rate of drugs during
clinical development remains low. One prominent explanation is flawed preclinical research …