Aluminium (Al) compounds are used as adjuvants in human and veterinary prophylactic
vaccines due to their improved tolerability compared to other adjuvants. These Al-based …

Purified vaccine antigens offer important safety and reactogenicity advantages compared
with live attenuated or whole killed virus and bacterial vaccines. However, they require the …

In recent years, some viruses have caused a grave crisis to global public health, especially
the human coronavirus. A truly effective vaccine is therefore urgently needed. Vaccines …

Vaccination is a groundbreaking approach in preventing and controlling infectious diseases.
However, the effectiveness of vaccines can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of …

Alum adjuvant has always been the first choice when designing a vaccine. Conventional
aluminum adjuvant includes aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, and amorphous …

The growing shift to subunit antigen vaccines underscores the need for adjuvants that can
enhance the magnitude and quality of immune response. Aluminum salts or alums are the …

Subunit vaccines are safer but less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines or whole cell
inactivated vaccines. Adjuvants are used to enhance and modulate antigen (Ag) …

Particulate adjuvants have been successful at inducing increased immune responses
against many poorly immunogenic antigens. However, the mechanism of action of these …

Vaccines, one of the most effective and powerful public health measures, have saved
countless lives over the past century and still have a tremendous global impact. As an …

Aluminum hydroxide is used as a vaccine adjuvant in various human vaccines.
Unfortunately, despite its favorable safety profile, aluminum hydroxide can only weakly or …