Antigen-specific priming of human, naive T cells has been difficult to assess. Owing to the
low initial frequency in the naive cell pool of specific T cell precursors, such an analysis has …

Methods to prime human CD4+ T cells in vitro would be of significant value for the pre-
clinical evaluation of vaccine candidates and other immunotherapeutics. However, to date …

Dendritic cells (DC), generated from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
by culturing with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 …

The initial encounter with an antigen-presenting cell (APC) is the primary force behind the
expansion, differentiation and survival of naive T cells. Using an APC that permits temporal …

Prime-boost immunization is a promising strategy for inducing and amplifying pathogen-or
tumor-specific memory CD8 T cell responses. Although expansion of CD8 T cell populations …

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the unique ability to initiate an immune response in vivo by
capturing antigens (Ags) in peripheral tissues and migrating to secondary lymphoid organs …

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A long-standing paradox in cellular immunology concerns the conditional requirement for
CD4+ T-helper (TH) cells in the priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in …

The number of antigen-specific naive CD8+ T cells is believed to be important in the shaping
of adaptive immune responses, and is predictive for the magnitude of priming responses in …

Abstract Although interleukin-2 (IL-2) was initially characterized as the primary T-cell growth
factor following in vitro activation, less is known about its role in shaping T-cell responses to …