Over the past 10 years, cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress in multiple
cancer types and has been gradually been applied to clinical cancer care, in which the …

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a common malignant tumor, but traditional therapeutic
methods have unsatisfactory curative effects and many complications occur. Hence, there is …

Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is a
devastating malignancy with a poor prognosis. According to recent clinical studies, tumour …

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has
revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck …

Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a co‐
inhibitory factor in the immune response. Its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD …

The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis
blockade has been implemented in advanced-stage tumor therapy for various entities …

Background Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint that is primarily
located on the surface of tumor cells. PD-L1 expression detected by immunohistochemistry …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play
key roles in the tumor immune suppressive network and tumor progression. However …

Background The PD-1 receptor and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are known to be
significantly involved in T-cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that PD-L1 expression in …

ABSTRACT PD-L2 expression is an important predictor of anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy in
patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether the PD …