Hepatokines, secretory proteins from the liver, mediate inter-organ communication to
maintain a metabolic balance between food intake and energy expenditure. However …

Background The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense and
respond to nutrient excess and deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation …

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes, owing to its
glucose-lowering effects, which are mediated through the suppression of hepatic glucose …

A ketogenic diet (KD) has been promoted as an obesity management diet, yet its underlying
mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that KD reduces energy intake and body weight …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an endocrine hormone belonging to the
TGFβ superfamily member. GDF15 administration or GDF15 overexpression has been …

Insulin resistance is associated with aging in mice and humans. We have previously shown
that administration of recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) to aged mice alters aging phenotypes in …

Whole-body metabolic homeostasis is tightly controlled by hormone-like factors with
systemic or paracrine effects that are derived from nonendocrine organs, including adipose …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the TGFβ superfamily
whose expression is increased in response to cellular stress and disease as well as by …

Objectives Obesity in humans and mice is associated with elevated levels of two hormones
responsive to cellular stress, namely GDF15 and FGF21. Over-expression of each of these is …

The adaptive unfolded protein responses (UPR) initiated by ER stress have been implicated
in metabolic dysfunctions and liver diseases. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) shows …