Prolotherapy is widely used in pain control and tissue repair in pain medicine. The classical
mode is injection with hypertonic dextrose in muscle or perimysium. However, the analgesic …

Background: Tissue acidosis is effective in causing chronic muscle pain. However, how
muscle nociceptors contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain is largely unknown …

Background: Substance P is an important neuropeptide released from nociceptors to
mediate pain signals. We recently revealed antinociceptive signaling by substance P in acid …

Release of substance P (SP) from nociceptive nerve fibers and activation of its receptor
neurokinin 1 (NK1) are important effectors in the transmission of pain signals. Nonetheless …

Background Synovial fluid in inflamed joint shows a drop in pH, which activates proton‐
gated ion channels in nociceptors. No studies have ever tried to develop and characterize …

Chronic widespread pain is a serious medical problem, yet the mechanisms of nociception
and pain are poorly understood. Using a reserpine-induced pain model originally reported …

Accumulating evidence indicates an important contribution of spinal cord microglial cells to
nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain [5]. In particular, the ATP receptor P2X4 is up …

Many scientists are seeking better therapies for treating fibromyalgia (FM) pain. We used a
mouse model of FM to determine if ASIC3 and its relevant signaling pathway participated in …

Lysophosphatidyl-choline (LPC), a member of the phospholipid family, is an emerging
player in pain. It is known to modulate different pain-related ion channels, including Acid …

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are important acid sensors involved in neural modulation
in the central nervous system and pain-associated tissue acidosis in the peripheral system …