We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-
dimensional (3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and …

INTRODUCTION During mitosis, cells compact their chromosomes into dense rod-shaped
structures to ensure their reliable transmission to daughter cells. Our work explores how …

Polytene chromosome structure is a characteristic of some polyploid cells where several to
thousands of chromatids are closely associated with perfect alignment of homologous DNA …

It has been hypothesized that SMC protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin
spatially organize chromosomes by extruding DNA into large loops. We directly visualized …

The nucleosome is the fundamental structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin. During mitosis,
duplicated nucleosome fibers are organized into a pair of rod-shaped structures …

Condensin plays crucial roles in chromosome organization and compaction, but the
mechanistic basis for its functions remains obscure. We used single-molecule imaging to …

We describe an approach to detect the frequency of interaction between any two genomic
loci. Generation of a matrix of interaction frequencies between sites on the same or different …

The eukaryotic nucleus is both spatially and functionally partitioned. This organization
contributes to the maintenance, expression, and transmission of genetic information. Though …

The two Condensin complexes in human cells are essential for mitotic chromosome
structure. We used homozygous genome editing to fluorescently tag Condensin I and II …

INTRODUCTION In human cells, 2 m of DNA are compacted in the nucleus through
assembly with histones and other proteins into chromatin structures, megabase three …