Background Continued use of standardized, first-line ART containing NNRTIs and NRTIs
may contribute to ongoing emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Namibia. Methods …

Background Pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) to NNRTIs has consistently
increased in low-/middle-income countries during the last decade. Objectives To estimate …

Background Pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) has the potential to affect treatment
outcome and mortality. We present here the first nationally representative PDR study …

Objectives Limited availability of viral load (VL) monitoring in HIV treatment programmes in
sub-Saharan Africa can delay switching to second-line ART, leading to the accumulation of …

Background Emerging HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) could jeopardize the success of
standardized HIV management protocols in resource-limited settings. We characterized …

Background HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to NNRTIs in persons initiating ART is
increasing in Mexico. Objectives To compare HIV PDR in eight sub-regions of Mexico …

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) prospective surveys of acquired HIV drug
resistance (HIVDR) evaluate HIVDR emerging after the first year of antiretroviral therapy …

Background Pre-antiretroviral-treatment drug resistance (PDR) is a predictor of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure. We determined PDR prevalence and …

Background Pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) can impair virological response to
ART, jeopardizing effective treatment for children. Methods Children aged≤ 12 years …

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of
pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to first-line antiretroviral drugs among people initiating …