The fecal indicator organism (FIO) Escherichia coli is frequently used as a general indicator
of sewage contamination and for evaluating the success of shellfish cleaning (depuration) …

The development of procedures for the efficient removal or inactivation of noroviruses from
contaminated oysters is of great interest in oyster production. However, there is a critical …

Norovirus contamination of oysters is the lead cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and a
significant food safety concern for the oyster industry. Here, norovirus reduction from Pacific …

Filter feeding bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters, mussels and clams can readily
accumulate norovirus present in growing water contaminated by human faecal material from …

Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters may be contaminated by human pathogens.
Currently, the primary pathogens associated with shellfish-related outbreaks are …

Knowledge of the fate of human noroviruses (NoV) in the marine environment is key to better
controlling shellfish-related NoV gastroenteritis. We quantified NoV and Escherichia coli in …

Norovirus is the principal agent of bivalve shellfish-associated gastroenteric illness
worldwide. Numerous studies using PCR have demonstrated norovirus contamination in a …

Depuration is generally the main treatment employed for bivalve mollusks harvested from
contaminated sites. Commercial depuration has demonstrated to be effective for removal of …

We review the risk of norovirus (NoV) infection to the human population from consumption of
contaminated shellfish. From a UK perspective, risk is apportioned for different vectors of …

NoV is highly infectious, and there is no threshold infectivity limit for NoV detected by PCR.
The probability of becoming infected increases with the dose but depends also on the …