Results X-ray imaging showed that certain fill patterns can create local errors in density
where the printer's extruder changes direction. This can produce significant changes in dose …

This study was focused on dosimetric properties of polylactic acid (PLA), an inexpensive,
thermoplastic material commonly used with three-dimensional (3D) printers. In radiation …

In the treatment of superficial cancers using high-energy photon radiation, boluses are
employed to accurately deliver doses and protect the skin. As 3D printing gains traction …

Background: The use of electron radiotherapy is an effective option for treating superficial
targets in breast cancer patients, because the electron beam has a rapidly decreasing dose …

Research has been conducted on polylactic acid (PLA) 3D-printed bolus characteristics for
electron radiotherapy. This study aimed to create a 3D bolus equivalent to human tissue and …

Introduction: We investigated the usefulness of patient-customized cast type M3 wax bolus
(MWB) in radiation therapy in scalp malignant tumor patients by 3D conformal radiation …

A 3D-printed bolus is being developed to deliver accurate doses to superficial cancers. In
this study, flexible thermoplastic filaments, specifically PLA, TPU, PETG, and HIPS, were …

Introduction Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising material for customised bolus 3D‐printing in
radiotherapy, however variations in printing techniques between external manufacturers …

Purpose/Objective (s) Due to the inability of commercial boluses to fully replicate the body's
curvature during radiation treatments, introduction of 3D printed boluses can be a solution …