“Pigmentation, which is primarily determined by the amount, the type, and the distribution of
melanin, shows a remarkable diversity in human populations, and in this sense, it is an …

Melanin is ubiquitous in living organisms across different biological kingdoms of life, making
it an important, natural biomaterial. Its presence in nature from microorganisms to higher …

This review presents a general view of all types of melanin in all types of organisms. Melanin
is frequently considered just an animal cutaneous pigment and is treated separately from …

Melanin is a natural pigment produced within organelles, melanosomes, located in
melanocytes. Biological functions of melanosomes are often attributed to the unique …

Despite considerable advances in the past decade, melanin research still suffers from the
lack of universally accepted and shared nomenclature, methodologies, and structural …

This volume covers all aspects of melanin pigmentation, providing a concise,
comprehensive picture of new knowledge gained at the frontiers of research. It draws …

The melanin pigments eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM), which are dark brown to
black and yellow to reddish-brown, respectively, are widely found among vertebrates. They …

In this article, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the physical and
chemical properties of the eumelanin pigment. We examine properties related to its …

Among the biopolymers, melanins are unique in many respects. The other essential
biopolymers–proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates–are chemically well characterized; …

Pheomelanin is widely thought to be causally related to susceptibility to the harmful effects of
ultraviolet radiation: epidemiological studies show that those with a higher ratio of …