Crops are exposed to attacks by various pathogens that cause substantial yield losses and
severely threaten food security. To cope with pathogenic infection, crops have elaborated …

Spectacular progress in high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and expression profiling
using next-generation sequencing technologies have recently revolutionized molecular …

Small RNAs regulate gene expression in many cellular processes. Emerging evidence
suggests that host endogenous small RNAs and host RNA-silencing machinery represent a …

Key message The complex interplay among sRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs has been
implicated in plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we review current advances in …

Small RNAs (sRNA) are a significant group of gene expression regulators for multiple
biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, many sRNA silencing pathways produce …

Plant defense responses against pathogens are mediated by activation and repression of a
large array of genes. Host endogenous small RNAs are essential in this gene expression …

Plant genomes encode large numbers of nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR)
immune receptors (NLR) that mediate effector triggered immunity (ETI) and play key roles in …

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the resistance of plants to infection by
pathogens via interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs). Long non‐coding RNAs are cleaved …

Plants have evolved diverse molecular mechanisms that enable them to respond to a wide
range of pathogens. It has become clear that microRNAs, a class of short single-stranded …

Evolutionary processes have evolved plants to cope with several different natural stresses.
Basic physiological activities of crop plants are significantly harmed by these stresses …