Background Treatment outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have
substantially improved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), although only approximately …

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are essential for treatment of
various malignancies, including non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, several …

Background Cancer immunotherapy is being developed as a promising alternative for
advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, novel biomarkers are required to …

The gut microbiome (GM) plays an important role in shaping systemic immune responses
and influences immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. Antibiotics worsen clinical …

Background In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) are an effective mode of treatment. Despite their efficacy, responses to ICIs …

Background The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in modulating immune‐mediated
tumor cell destruction. Alterations in the microbiome composition have been linked to …

What is known and objective Gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping immune
responses. Several studies have reported that antibiotics may alter gut microbiota diversity …

Background Prior antibiotic therapy (pATB) is known to impair efficacy of single-agent
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), potentially through the induction of gut dysbiosis …

Background Recent data suggested a role of gut microbiota and antibiotic use on immune
checkpoint inhibitors efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early use of antibiotic …

Background Some concomitant medications including antibiotics (ATB) have been
reproducibly associated with worse survival following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in …