Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC) is the final stage of PC that acquires
resistance to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT). Despite progresses in understanding of …

Bone-metastatic prostate cancer is common in men with recurrent castrate-resistant disease.
To date, therapeutic focus has largely revolved around androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) …

Purpose: Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) contribute to the progression and androgen
deprivation therapy (ADT) resistance of prostate cancer. As CSCs depend on their specific …

Growing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote cancer
progression and therapeutic resistance by enhancing angiogenesis, matrix-remodeling, and …

Despite standard hormonal therapy that targets the androgen receptor (AR) attenuates
prostate cancer (PCa) effectively in the initial stage, the tumor ultimately converts to …

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), including enzalutamide, induces resistance
in prostate cancer; ADT resistance is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) …

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced stage of prostate cancer that
can progress rapidly even in patients treated with castration. Previously, we found that tumor …

Background Emerging data suggest that patients with enzalutamide-treated prostate cancer
with increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may benefit from anti-PD-L1 …

Most of the prostate cancers (PCa) in advanced stage will progress to castration-resistant
prostate cancer (CRPC). Within CRPC group, 50-70% of the patients will develop bone …

The major challenge in the treatment of patients with advanced lethal prostate cancer is
therapeutic resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy …