Although it is challenging for individuals with cocaine addiction to achieve abstinence, the
greatest difficulty is avoiding relapse to drug taking, which is often triggered by cues …

Cue-induced reinstatement of extinguished drug seeking is a preclinical model of relapse.
However, relapse typically occurs after abstinence rather than explicit extinction training. We …

Drug-associated cues can acquire powerful motivational control over the behavior of
addicts, and can contribute to relapse via multiple, dissociable mechanisms. Most preclinical …

Cocaine addiction is characterized by long-lasting vulnerability to relapse arising because
neutral environmental stimuli become associated with drug use and then act as cues that …

Cocaine addiction is a complex and multifaceted process encompassing a number of forms
of behavioral plasticity. The process of acquiring and consuming drugs can be sufficiently …

One of the most difficult problems in treating addiction is not withdrawing addicts from drugs,
but preventing relapse. Persistent neuroadaptations are thought to underlie aspects of …

Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, in that most addicted individuals who choose to
quit taking drugs fail to maintain abstinence in the long-term. Relapse is especially likely …

Repeated drug use has long-lasting effects on plasticity throughout the brain's reward and
memory systems. Environmental cues that are associated with drugs of abuse can elicit …

Plasticity of glutamatergic synapses is a fundamental mechanism through which experience
changes neural function to impact future behavior. In animal models of addiction …

Addictive drugs hijack mechanisms of learning and memory that normally underlie
reinforcement of natural rewards and induce synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic transmission …