Aims Gender difference in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) induced injury has been
reported in animal models. However, a large-scale clinical trial found an increase in …

Background: It is well established that premenopausal women are protected from
cardiovascular disease. This gender difference in favor of females is also demonstrated in …

There are conflicting data about gender differences in cardiac function after myocardial
infarction (MI), including cardiac rupture and mortality. Using a mouse model of MI, we …

Age-specific incidence of ischemic heart disease in men is higher than in women, although
women die more frequently without previous symptoms; the molecular mechanism (s) are …

Sex differences in myocardial recovery have been reported after acute ischemia and
reperfusion injury. Estrogen and the estrogen receptor are critical determinants of …

The response to ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of ischemic post-conditioning (IPC) are
sex-dependent, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. Male (M) and female (F) rat …

In general, young men have a greater risk than age-matched women for many types of
cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart diseases, such as acute or chronic …

Both advancing age and estrogen loss exacerbate acute myocardial infarction in the female
heart. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of age-related differences in cell death after …

The female sex has been associated with improved myocardial salvage after ischemia and
reperfusion (I/R). Estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol, has been demonstrated to mediate …

Background Cardiovascular disease increases with age in both sexes. Treatment can
require cardiac surgery, where the hearts are pre-treated with protective cardioplegic …