The aging of society has led to an increase in the incidence of urological cancers. Surgery,
radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents are widely used treatment options, in addition to …

Abstract Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a minor group of cells in tumors that have self-
renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity properties. Some known markers such as CD44 …

There is evolving evidence for the so-called cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which holds
that intra-tumoral heterogeneity in urologic malignancies is hierarchical and that not all cells …

Numerous studies are ongoing to identify and isolate cancer stem cells from cancers of
genito-urinary tracts. Better understanding of their role in prostate, urothelial and kidney …

Functionally distinct CSCs exist in human bladder cancer and can be prospectively isolated.
Continuing research will be important to identify their cell of origin, programs balancing self …

There is mounting evidence supporting the idea that tumors, similar to normal adult tissues,
arise from a specific stem‐like cell population, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are …

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that renew themselves while simultaneously producing
differentiated tissue-or organspecific cells through asymmetric cell division. The appreciation …

Bladder cancer stem cell research is rapidly expanding based on the knowledge of cancer
stem cells from various cancer types and normal stem cells as models. In various cancer …

Most epithelial tissues contain self-renewing stem cells that mature into downstream
progenies with increasingly limited differentiation potential. It is not surprising that cancers …

Urothelial carcinoma is a tumor type featuring pronounced intertumoral heterogeneity and a
high mutational and epigenetic load. The two major histopathological urothelial carcinoma …