Plants are adapted to defend themselves through programming, reprogramming, and stress
tolerance against numerous environmental stresses, including heavy metal toxicity. Heavy …

Several anthropogenic activities including mining, modern agricultural practices, and
industrialization have long-term detrimental effect on our environment. All these factors lead …

Agricultural as well as industrial processes, such as mining and textile activities, are just a
few examples of anthropogenic activities that have a long-term negative impact on the …

Heavy metals contaminations in soil adversely affect the growth and survibality of the plants.
Alternatively, plants have evolved complex physiological processes to withstand such …

Plants typically interact with a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mycorrhizal
fungi, and other organisms, in their above-and below-ground parts. In the biosphere, the …

The indiscriminate discharge and consequent accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) from
various anthropogenic sources into the environment is a major global concern for food …

All organisms require metal ions to complete their life cycle. Excess or shortage of essential
metal ions is toxic to plants. Also, some heavy metals are toxic at all concentrations and …

Heavy metals (HMs) pollute the environment on a global scale and have different harmful
effect on ecosystem. Outstripping accumulation of diverse toxic HMs in soils has altered the …

Plant microbiomes represent dynamic entities, influenced by the environmental stimuli and
stresses in the surrounding conditions. Studies have suggested the benefits of commensal …

Increasing concentration of heavy metals (HM) due to various anthropogenic activities is a
serious problem. Plants are very much affected by HM pollution particularly in contaminated …