Osteoconductive function is remarkably low in bone disease in the absence of bone tissue
surrounding the grafting site, or if the bone tissue is in poor condition. Thus, an effective …

The onlay-graft, one of the most difficult graft conditions, is used for diverse clinical
conditions, including plastic and dental surgery. The graft should withstand continuous …

Although attempts to improve tissue-engineering scaffolds have been made using
composite materials (synthetic polymers, bioceramics, etc.), research on bone tissue …

Background Critical bone defects remain challenges for clinicians, which cannot heal
spontaneously and require medical intervention. Following the development of three …

In clinical conditions, the reconstructions performed in the complex and three-dimensional
bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) area are often limited in facial esthetics and …

The combined design of scaffold structure and multi‐biological factors is a prominent
strategy to promote bone regeneration. Herein, a composite scaffold of mesoporous …

Treatment of large and complex irregular bone defects is a major clinical challenge in
orthopedic surgery. The current treatment includes bone transportation using the Ilizarov …

Injectable scaffolds have attracted much attention because of their minimum surgical
invasiveness. However, limited osteogenic induction property and low mechanical …

Recently, 3D printing as effective technology has been highlighted in the biomedical field.
Previously, a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold with the biocompatibility and …

Abstract 3D printing technology has various advantages, and the incorporation of bioactive
substances into the 3D printed scaffold provides the biological and architectural …