Beyond the key role in reproductive and cognitive functions, estrogens have been shown to
protect against neurodegeneration associated with acute and chronic injuries of the adult …

The fertile period of women's life compared to menopause is associated with a lower
incidence of degenerative inflammatory diseases. In brain, estrogens ameliorate brain …

Estrogens are well known to exert antiinflammatory effects outside the central nervous
system (CNS). They have also been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in the CNS after …

It has been previously demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibits the response of
microglia, the resident brain macrophages, to acute injuries in specific brain regions. We …

After neuronal injury and in several neurodegenerative diseases, activated microglia secrete
proinflammatory molecules that can contribute to the progressive neural damage. The recent …

Over the past decade our recognition that estrogens function as important neurotrophic and
neuroprotective factors has grown rapidly. Accumulating evidence from basic science …

Although the neuroprotective effects of estrogens are well recognized, the exact
mechanisms involved in the ability of these sex steroids to protect the cerebral tissue still …

Expression of proinflammatory molecules by glial cells is involved in the pathophysiological
changes associated with chronic neurological diseases. Under pathological conditions …

Treatment with either estradiol or an estrogen receptor (ER) α ligand has been shown to be
both antiinflammatory and neuroprotective in a variety of neurological disease models, but …

Recent work has suggested that the ovarian steroid hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), at
physiological concentrations, may exert protective effects in neurodegenerative disorders …