Prostate and breast cancer are the two cancers with the highest incidence in men and
women, respectively. Here, we focus on the known biology of acquired resistance to …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy among men in the world.
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of the disease, which …

The progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) correlates with gain-of-
function of the androgen receptor (AR) and activation of AKT. However, as single agents, AR …

A large number of novel therapeutics is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the
treatment of prostate cancer, and small molecule signal transduction inhibitors are a …

Abstract Purpose: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in most castration-resistant
prostate cancers (CRPC). Transcriptionally active androgen receptor (AR) plays a role in the …

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Aberrant
signaling in the androgen pathway is critical in the development and progression of prostate …

Simple Summary Prostate cancer can develop under hormone treatment and chemotherapy
from a castration-sensitive towards a castration-resistant into a drug resistant-tumor. The …

Hormone-refractory prostate cancer is the result of regrowth of prostate cancer cells that
have adapted to the hormone-deprived environment of the prostate. The process by which …

Background Most targeted anticancer therapies, as well as cytotoxic and radiation therapies,
are encumbered by the development of secondary resistance by cancer cells. Resistance is …

Androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer is often effective, but not
curative. Molecular pathways mediating the therapeutic response and those contributing to …