Immunotherapy represented by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies has led tumor treatment into a new era. However …

Tumor cells are eliminated by the immune system, including T lymphocytes and natural killer
cells, however, many types of tumor cells acquire the immune tolerance by inhibiting T-cell …

Yu et al.[1] reported that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor OX40 (CD134)-TNF
receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) axis mediates Lys63-linked ubiquitination and …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) provide an important escape
mechanism from immune attack, and blockade therapy of these proteins show promising …

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4+ helper T (Th) cells play a critical role in
protective immune responses to tumor cells. Particularly, Th9 cells exert anti-tumor activity …

The immune checkpoint molecules programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and
programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are one of the most promising targets for tumor …

TRAF6 plays a crucial role in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Although studies have shown that TRAF6 has oncogenic activity, the role of TRAF6 in …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein
4 (CTLA-4), benefits only a limited number of patients with cancer. Understanding the in …

Programmed death protein 1 (PD1) is a common immunosuppressive member on the
surface of T cells and plays an imperative part in downregulating the immune system and …

Pioneering success of antibodies targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell
death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) has …