Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by
the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence …

The concept of mild chronic vascular inflammation as part of the pathophysiology of
cardiovascular disease, most importantly hypertension and atherosclerosis, has been well …

Abstract Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902) recognized inflammation in histological
preparations of coronary arteries and proposed that inflammation plays a causal role in …

Atherosclerosis represents the most common pathological substrate of coronary heart
disease (CHD), and the characterization of the disease as a chronic low-grade inflammatory …

Inflammation triggered by oxidative stress is the cause of much, perhaps even most, chronic
human disease including human aging. The oxidative stress originates mainly in …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process and both the innate and adaptive immune
systems 1 play central roles in its initiation and subsequent progression. 2 Experimental …

There is accumulating evidence that vascular inflammation plays critical roles in
pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. It is widely accepted that both innate and adaptive …

Atherogenesis has been traditionally viewed as a metabolic disease representing arterial
obstruction by fatty deposits in its wall. Today, it is believed that atherogenesis involves …

Chronic inflammation is a central pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis induction and
progression. Vascular inflammation is associated with accelerated onset of late …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with the so-called traditional risk
factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cigarette smoking. Chronic …