The interphase of the formalin test

M Fischer, G Carli, P Raboisson, P Reeh - PAIN®, 2014 - Elsevier
The formalin test still surprises with its biphasic pain-related behavior resulting from a
quiescent interphase that does not occur with other algogenic compounds and remains …

TRPA1 mediates formalin-induced pain

CR McNamara, J Mandel-Brehm… - Proceedings of the …, 2007 - National Acad Sciences
The formalin model is widely used for evaluating the effects of analgesic compounds in
laboratory animals. Injection of formalin into the hind paw induces a biphasic pain response; …

Evidence for a peripheral origin of the tonic nociceptive response to subcutaneous formalin

R Dallel, P Raboisson, P Clavelou, M Saade, A Woda - Pain, 1995 - Elsevier
The orofacial formalin test in the rat is a valid and reliable model of nociception and is
sensitive to various classes of analgesic drugs. The noxious stimulus consists in an injection …

Formalin evokes calcium transients from the endoplasmatic reticulum

MJM Fischer, KJ Soller, SK Sauer, J Kalucka… - PLoS …, 2015 - journals.plos.org
The formalin test is the most widely used behavioral screening test for analgesic
compounds. The cellular mechanism of action of formaldehyde, inducing a typically biphasic …

Formalin murine model of pain

M López-Cano, V Fernández-Dueñas, A Llebaria… - Bio …, 2017 - bio-protocol.org
Pain research is mostly based on experimental assays that use animal models, which may
allow deciphering the physiopathology of this condition and to propel drug discovery. The …

The formalin test does not probe inflammatory pain but excitotoxicity in rodent skin

T Hoffmann, F Klemm, TI Kichko, SK Sauer… - Physiological …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
The most widely used formalin test to screen antinociceptive drug candidates is still
apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence …

Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity

S Puig, LS Sorkin - Pain, 1996 - Elsevier
Formalin injected subcutaneously into the paw is a frequently used pain assay; it evokes an
initial period of licking and flinching followed by a period of quiescence and last by a second …

Dynamic neuronal responses in cortical and thalamic areas during different phases of formalin test in rats

J Huang, JY Chang, DJ Woodward, LA Baccalá… - Experimental …, 2006 - Elsevier
Although formalin-induced activity in primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal horn is well
described, the forebrain neural basis underlying each phase of behavior in formalin test has …

The formalin test: characteristics and usefulness of the model

J Sawynok, XJ Liu - Reviews in analgesia, 2003 - ingentaconnect.com
The formalin test was introduced as a model of tonic pain in 1977, and has since been used
extensively in rats and mice. In rats, formalin generates an initial phase of activity (5–10 min …

Regional changes in forebrain activation during the early and late phase of formalin nociception: analysis using cerebral blood flow in the rat

TJ Morrow, PE Paulson, PJ Danneman, KL Casey - Pain, 1998 - Elsevier
This is the first neural imaging study to use regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in an animal
model to identify the patterns of forebrain nociceptive processing that occur during the early …