Abstract Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a global environmental pollutant that increases
risk for several types of cancers and is increasingly being recognized as a neurotoxicant …

Background Recently, both trivalent chromium Cr (III) and hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) have
been reported to produce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of the …

Chromium is a pervasive environmental contaminant that is of great importance because of
its toxicity. Hexavalent chromium is a classified group 1 carcinogen with multiple complex …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a known carcinogen when inhaled. However,
inhalational exposure to Cr (VI) affects only a small portion of the population, mainly by …

Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]) and trivalent
chromium (Cr [III]). Cr (VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a …

The growing use of heavy metals in most industrial activities has led to it being considered
as the most important environmental pollutant that may cause harm and toxicity to animals …

The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in animal and human models
are reviewed. The focus of this review is not on the well-established fact that hexavalent Cr …

Certain forms of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] are known respiratory carcinogens that
induce a broad spectrum of DNA damage. Cr (VI)-carcinogenesis may be initiated or …

Background Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is a human carcinogen after inhalation exposure.
Humans also ingest Cr (VI) from contaminated drinking water and soil; however, limited data …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), a commonly used industrial metal, is a well known
human lung carcinogen. Epidemiology and animal studies suggest that the particulate Cr …