Bipolar disorder (BD), a disabling mental disorder, is featured by the oscillation between
episodes of depression and mania, along with disturbance in the biological rhythms. It is on …

A major goal of neuroscience has been to understand the systems-level neural processes
governing higher-order functions, such as perception, cognition and emotion. Until recently …

Highlights•Optogenetic dissection of disease-relevant neural circuits is accelerating the
pace of preclinical research into the etiology and treatment of mental illness.•Optogenetics …

Backgrounds The neural circuit mechanisms underlying depression remain unclear.
Recently optogenetics has gradually gained recognition as a novel technique to regulate the …

The mammalian brain poses a formidable challenge to the study and treatment of
neuropsychiatric diseases, owing to the complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and …

Optogenetics is a biological technique, which involves controlling the biological functions of
target cells using light. In recent years, optogenetics has become one of the most advanced …

Optogenetic tools have revolutionized the field of neuroscience, and brought the study of
neural circuits to a higher level. Optogenetics has significantly improved our understanding …

Achieving circuit-level insight into the fundamental nature of psychiatric symptoms has long
proven elusive. Technological limitations have traditionally prevented cell type-targeted and …

Optogenetic tools allow for the selective activation, inhibition or modulation of genetically-
defined neural circuits with incredible temporal precision. Over the past decade, application …

Optogenetic techniques have given researchers unprecedented access to the function of
discrete neural circuit elements and have been instrumental in the identification of novel …