Organisms living under aerobic conditions need oxygen for the metabolic conversion of
nutrition into energy. With the appearance of increasingly complex animals, a specialized …

Because of the central role that red blood cells play in the delivery of oxygen to tissues of the
body, red blood cell mass must be controlled at precise levels. The glycoprotein hormone …

Red blood cells deliver O2 from the lungs to every cell in the human body. Reduced tissue
oxygenation triggers increased production of erythropoietin by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 …

The number of red blood cells is normally tightly regulated by a classic homeostatic
mechanism based on oxygen sensing in the kidney. Decreased oxygen delivery resulting …

Identification of the underlying defects in congenital erythrocytosis has provided mechanistic
insights into the regulation of erythropoiesis and oxygen homeostasis. The Hypoxia …

Red blood cells transport O2 from the lungs to body tissues. Hypoxia stimulates kidney cells
to secrete erythropoietin (EPO), which increases red cell mass. Hypoxia-inducible factors …

A classic physiologic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell
production. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate this response by inducing cell-type …

The central pathway for oxygen-dependent control of red cell mass is the prolyl hydroxylase
domain protein (PHD): hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway. PHD site specifically prolyl …

A classic physiologic response to hypoxia in humans is the up-regulation of the
ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) gene, which is the central regulator of red blood cell mass. The …

Polycythemia is often associated with erythropoietin (EPO) overexpression and defective
oxygen sensing. In normal cells, intracellular oxygen concentrations are directly sensed by p …