The increasing burden of heart failure (HF) and emerging knowledge regarding chloride as
a prognostic marker in HF have increased the interest in the pathophysiology and …

The cardiorenal literature has long been dominated by a sodium-centric view. However,
mechanisms affecting sodium homeostasis in patients with heart failure (HF) commonly lead …

Until recently, most studies of heart failure (HF) focused on body fluid dynamics through
control of the sodium and water balance in the body. Chloride has remained largely ignored …

Despite significant advances in management, heart failure continues to impose a significant
epidemiologic burden with high prevalence and mortality rates. For decades, sodium has …

Background—The aim of this analysis was to determine the long-term prognostic value of
lower serum chloride in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Electrolyte abnormalities …

Background Low serum chloride is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and
is associated with worse outcomes. We investigated the clinical and prognostic associations …

Clinical guidelines include diuretics for the treatment of heart failure (HF), not to decrease
mortality but to decrease symptoms and hospitalizations. More attention has been paid to …

Several studies have recently challenged the sodium-centric view that has been dominating
the field of heart failure (HF) and cardiorenal syndrome. The previously observed benefits of …

Aims Prior cohorts demonstrating the importance of serum chloride levels in heart failure
either excluded or had partial representation of patients with heart failure with preserved …

Aims Hyponatraemia is strongly associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure.
However, accumulating evidence suggests that chloride may play an important role in renal …