Advances in cancer therapy in the past few years include the development of medications
that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and …

Clinical trials in the past decade have established the antitumor effects of immune
checkpoint inhibition as a revolutionary treatment for cancer. Namely, blocking antibodies to …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become a cornerstone for the treatment of
different advanced cancers. These drugs, represented mainly by monoclonal antibodies anti …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Context: In recent years, progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy by the
development of drugs acting as modulators of immune checkpoint proteins, such as the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel anticancer agents, recently introduced with the
aim of boosting the immune response against tumors. ICIs are monoclonal autoantibodies …

Agents that modulate immune checkpoint proteins, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4
(CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), have become a mainstay in cancer …

Highlights•Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target certain immune
checkpoints.•Such therapies can trigger autoimmune adverse effects.•Endocrine …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint molecules. Different types of cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved recently: CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have increasingly been the mainstay of treatment for
numerous malignancies. However, due to their association with autoimmunity, ICIs have …