Historically, craniofacial genetic research has understandably focused on identifying the
causes of craniofacial anomalies and it has only been within the last 10 years, that there has …

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), and …

There is increasing evidence that genetic risk variants for non-syndromic cleft lip/palate
(nsCL/P) are also associated with normal-range variation in facial morphology. However …

The craniofacial complex is the billboard of sorts containing information about sex, health,
ancestry, kinship, genes, and environment. A thorough knowledge of the genes underlying …

The human face represents a combined set of highly heritable phenotypes, but knowledge
on its genetic architecture remains limited, despite the relevance for various fields. A series …

Variations in the form of the human face, which plays a role in our individual identities and
societal interactions, have fascinated scientists and artists alike. Here, we review our current …

Inter-individual variation in facial shape is one of the most noticeable phenotypes in
humans, and it is clearly under genetic regulation; however, almost nothing is known about …

Methods 3D surface images were obtained from 21 twin pairs (10 monozygotic, 11 same-
sex dizygotic). Thirteen 3D landmarks were collected from each facial surface and their …

Facial morphology—a conspicuous feature of human appearance—is highly heritable.
Previous studies on the genetic basis of facial morphology were performed mainly in …

The human face is an array of variable physical features that together make each of us
unique and distinguishable. Striking familial facial similarities underscore a genetic …