Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological
disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of …

There is a strong unmet clinical need for objective body fluid biomarkers to assist early
diagnosis and estimate long-term prognosis, monitor treatment response and predict …

Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease, as several pathophysiological processes (including
inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage and repair mechanisms) participate in the …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the body fluid closest to the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS).
For many candidate biomarkers CSF is the only fluid that can be investigated. Several …

Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous
system. The heterogeneity of pathophysiological processes in MS contributes to the highly …

Biomarkers in body fluids could help to predict and monitor neurological decline in people
with multiple sclerosis (MS). We discuss markers for axonal damage in body fluids in people …

As therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis widen, validated biomarkers of clinical disease
activity are urgently needed. Reliable biomarkers would assist in choosing initial therapy …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous
system presenting with significant inter-and intraindividual heterogeneity. However, the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder leading to permanent
disability in young adults in the developed world. While traditionally conceived as an …

The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of
multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical …