The kidneys and heart share functions with the common goal of maintaining homeostasis.
When kidney injury occurs, many compounds, the so-called “uremic retention solutes” or …

The uremic syndrome is attributed to the progressive retention of a large number of
compounds which, under normal conditions, are excreted by healthy kidneys. The …

The uremic syndrome is a complex mixture of organ dysfunctions, which is attributed to the
retention of a myriad of compounds that under normal condition are excreted by the healthy …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

New insights in uremic toxins. The retention in the body of compounds, which normally are
secreted into the urine results in a clinical picture, called the uremic syndrome. The retention …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in the setting of chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Such coexistence of CVD and CKD—the so-called “cardiorenal or renocardiac …

In the last decade, uremic toxicity as a potential cause for the excess of cardiovascular
disease and mortality observed in chronic kidney disease gained more and more interest …

Cardiorenal syndrome is a condition in which a complex interrelationship between cardiac
dysfunction and renal dysfunction exists. Despite advances in treatment of both …

Reviewing the current picture of uremic toxicity reveals its complexity. Focusing on
cardiovascular damage as a model of uremic effects resulting in substantial morbidity and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases. Although great advances have recently been made in the pathophysiology and …