Background In children, digital media, lifestyle, and the COVID pandemic have impacted
sunlight exposure, exercise, and diet patterns-cues that entrain the circadian clock. We …

Objectives Circadian cues in children (sunlight, exercise, diet patterns) may be associated
with health outcomes. The primary objective was to assess associations of daily cortisol …

Salivary cortisol is widely used in research but little is known about the typical, or expected,
functioning of the HPA-axis in adolescents in naturalistic settings, nor whether the extensive …

Background A secular trend of increased depressive symptoms among adolescents and
early adults has received both scientific and media attention (Office of the Surgeon General …

Objective To examine toddlers' full-day patterns of cortisol production on child care days and
non–child care days, with a particular focus on whether the mid-afternoon elevations at child …

The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, including its regulation of cortisol, is central
to bodily functioning and salivary cortisol is a commonly used biomarker that reflects the …

Abstract Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning is characterized by the
baseline production of cortisol following a circadian rhythm, as well as by the superimposed …

This study examined salivary cortisol, a stress–sensitive hypothalamic‐pituitary‐
adrenocortical (HPA) axis hormone in 20 infants (12 females; M age= 10.8 months) and 35 …

PURPOSE:: To examine how hours of sleep and wake times relate to between-person
differences and day-to-day changes in diurnal cortisol rhythms in late adolescence …

To provide basic information on the normal functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-
adrenal axis in relation to pubertal development, growth (weight and height), body …