Integration of community ecology with disease biology is viewed as a promising avenue for
uncovering determinants of pathogen diversity, and for predicting disease risks. Plant …

Viruses are a vastly underestimated component of biodiversity that occur as diverse
communities across hierarchical scales from the landscape level to individual hosts. The …

Multiple virus infections affect the competence of host plants to transmit disease. The effects
of coinfection on transmission are expected to produce ecologically complex pathogen and …

Abstract Knowledge on how landscape heterogeneity shapes host–parasite interactions is
central to understand the emergence, dynamics and evolution of infectious diseases …

Mixed viral infections occur more commonly than would be expected by chance in nature.
Virus-virus interactions may affect viral traits and leave a genetic signature in the population …

The pathogen and parasite community that inhabits every free-living organism can control
host vital rates including lifespan and reproductive output. To date, however, there have …

Infection by multiple pathogens of the same host is ubiquitous in both natural and managed
habitats. While intraspecific variation in disease resistance is known to affect pathogen …

As a result of human activities, an ever-increasing portion of Earth's natural landscapes now
lie adjacent to agricultural lands. This border between wild and agricultural communities …

Processes that generate the distribution of pathogens and their interactions with hosts are
not insensitive to changes in spatial scale. Spatial scales and species traits are often …

Viral diversity has been discovered across scales from host individuals to populations.
However, the drivers of viral community assembly are still largely unknown. Within-host viral …