Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is associated with most viral infections—it either constitutes
the viral genome (in the case of dsRNA viruses) or is generated in host cells during viral …

Nucleic acid‐induced gene silencing, such as RNA interference (RNAi), induces a multitude
of responses in addition to the knockdown of a gene. This is best understood in the context …

The initiation of an immune response is critically dependent on the activation of dendritic
cells (DCs). This process is triggered by surface receptors specific for inflammatory cytokines …

Recent progress in human and mouse genetics has transformed our understanding of the
molecular mechanisms by which recognition of self double-stranded RNA (self-dsRNA) …

The ability to sense and respond to infection is essential for life. Viral infection produces
double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that are sensed by proteins that recognize the structure of …

Many metazoan cells can take up exogenous double-stranded (ds) RNA and use it to initiate
an RNA silencing response, however, the mechanism for this uptake is ill-defined. Here, we …

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) longer than 30 bp is a key activator of the innate immune
response against viral infections. It is widely assumed that the generation of dsRNA during …

The birth of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and
activation of repetitive elements in the genome. The transcription of endogenous …

Aberrant activation of innate immune receptors can cause a spectrum of immune disorders,
such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). One such receptor is MDA5, a viral dsRNA …

Recognition of pathogen-derived foreign nucleic acids is central to innate immune defense.
This requires discrimination between structurally highly similar self and nonself nucleic acids …