After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with
devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature,
stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support …

Effort invested in the development of new drugs often fails to be translated into meaningful
clinical benefits for patients with cancer. The development of more effective anticancer …

The exact mechanistic understanding of cancer metastasis continues to be unknown,
although it is a major cause of death worldwide. Along with the tumor mass, the tumor …

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and
dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells, resulting in the formation of
tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a variety of cell types present within a …

Current research in oncology deploys methods that rely principally on two-dimensional (2D)
mono-cell cultures and animal models. Although these methodologies have led to significant …

Highlights•The review covers extensive developments of 3D Bioprinting Technology and its
application.•Fabrication of bioinks with customized materials and cells and their properties …

Studying biological characteristics of tumors and evaluating the treatment effects require
appropriate in vitro tumor models. However, the occurrence, progression, and migration of …