Other than natriuretic peptides, neurohumoral markers have not been studied adequately in
heart failure with preserved systolic function. There is little evidence of chronic activation of …

Understanding the possible role of neurohormonal mechanisms in patients with heart failure
has begun to alter the way in which clinicians are likely to approach the management of …

The pathophysiology of heart failure is closely associated with neuroendocrine changes.
Activation of these humoral systems apparently serves as a compensatory mechanism for …

The degree of activation of neurohormonal mechanisms appears to depend on the severity
and acuteness of cardiac impairment as well as the status of the extracellular fluid volume …

The increased neuroendocrine activity in patients with congestive heart failure appears to be
a generalized attempt to maintain blood pressure at the expense of reduced cardiac …

This article reviews the evidence that congestive heart failure is accompanied by an
increased plasma norepinephrine concentration and that this is due not only to a reduced …

Congestive heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a number of
neuroendocrine responses. These responses are probably an evolutionary vestige of …

Objectives. This study examined the relation between neurohumoral activation and severity
of left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure in a broad group of patients with …

In the presence of a primary disorder in myocardial contractility and/or extraordinary
hemodynamic pressure on the heart, ventricular performance depends on several …

Chronic heart failure is a disabling and lethal disorder with high incidence and prevalence in
Western societies. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and heart …