Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an
expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Plants have a system of antioxidant enzymes, which helps to alleviate the effects of various
types of stresses. Heavy metals like Cadmium and lead are tolerable for plants to certain …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are soil fungi developing symbiotic association with most
terrestrial plants. In such a symbiosis, the fungi provide the host plant with water and …

The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for
the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted …

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) is an obligate biotroph, which mainly improves phosphorus
nutrition, ability to withstand water stress and offers a natural potential for biological control …

Use of plants, with hyperaccumulating ability or in association with soil microbes including
the symbiotic fungi, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), are among the most common biological …

In recent decades, contamination of soil with toxic metals has become a severe
environmental problem. Although phytoremediation has emerged as a promising …

The acerbic elevation of toxic metal ions in arable lands, enhance the risk of their
accumulation and biomagnification in crops as well as in humans. Phytoremediation is an …

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal released into agricultural settings induces numerous changes
in plant growth and physiology. The main known mechanisms of Cd toxicity include its …