There is a relative consensus about the detrimental impact of childhood maltreatment on
later mental health problems and behavioral difficulties. Prior research suggests that …

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined stress reactivity and its relationship to major
depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among maltreated …

Rationale Abuse and neglect are highly prevalent in children and have enduring
neurobiological effects. Stressful early life environments perturb the hypothalamic–pituitary …

BACKGROUND: Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that early-life stress
such as physical maltreatment has long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …

Background Converging evidence suggests that maltreated children suffer from depression
at an early age and experience recurrent episodes of depression that persist over longer …

Child maltreatment increases the risk for impaired social functioning and cortisol regulation.
However, the longitudinal interplay among these factors is still unclear. This study aimed to …

BACKGROUND: Preclinical research findings suggest that exposure to stress and
concomitant hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation during early development …

Objective Child maltreatment is associated with dysregulation of stress-mediating systems
and an increased risk of mental and physical health problems. Specifically, disruptions in …

Objective Disruptions in stress response system development have been posited as
mechanisms linking child maltreatment (CM) to psychopathology. Existing theories predict …

Childhood maltreatment is an established risk factor for varying configurations of
psychological problems in emerging adulthood. The current study tested associations …