Amphibians have undergone important evolutionary transitions in reproductive modes and
life-cycles. We compare large-scale macroevolutionary patterns in these transitions across …

Understanding phenotypic diversity requires not only identification of selective factors that
favor origins of derived states, but also factors that favor retention of primitive states. Anurans …

Frogs and salamanders, the two most diverse lineages of amphibians, differ significantly in
reproductive mode, morphology, and behavior. We review reproductive tactics in these …

How evolutionary novelties evolve is a major question in evolutionary biology. It is widely
accepted that changes in environmental conditions shift the position of selective optima, and …

Morphological evolution is influenced by a wide variety of processes, at levels that likely
range from molecules to communities, or even ecosystems. The relative contributions of …

Climate change has had a significant impact globally on the timing of ecological events such
as reproduction and migration in many species. Here, we examined the phenology of …

Although most of the unique ways that frogs reproduce were described in the 1800s and
1900s, additional modes are still being discovered in the 21st Century. The concept of …

Because it modulates the fitness returns of possible options of energy expenditure at each
ontogenetic stage, environmental stochasticity is usually considered a selective force in …

The trade-off between offspring size and number is central to life history strategies. Both the
evolutionary gain of parental care or more favorable habitats for offspring development are …

The transition from aquatic to terrestrial eggs is a key evolutionary change that has allowed
vertebrates to successfully colonize and exploit the land. Although most amphibians retain …