Four models of leisure constraint negotiation (independence, buffer, mitigation, reduction)
based on competing views of how constraint, negotiation, and motivation are interconnected …

A conceptual model tested the leisure constraints negotiation process of outdoor recreation:
motivation and the constraints to participate likely influenced by negotiation efforts. Higher …

The purpose of this study was to test a model of the leisure constraint negotiation process
proposed by Hubbard and Mannell. A multidimensional measure of physically active leisure …

This study extends the leisure constraint-effects-mitigation model to the perceived
behavioural control (PBC)-constraint-negotiation model by adding PBC. Three competing …

Leisure constraint research has made significant contributions to the leisure field, and
continues to evolve. Despite progress in understanding constraint negotiation, a …

Unlike prospective participants with desire for initial participation, current participants are
likely to have different interest in habitual leisure engagement from participation itself …

This cross-sectional survey study examined the constraints negotiation process associated
with participation in physically active leisure activities among individuals with fibromyalgia. A …

This study extends the leisure constraints research. Specifically, the constraints-effects-
mitigation model is examined in the context of park visitors' leisure time physical activity …

This exploratory paper has three objectives:(1) to develop categories for variables related to
two key components of leisure constraints negotiation—problems encountered and …

Constraints negotiation and serious leisure are two major conceptual frameworks that have
developed independently to understand individuals' leisure participation. Although discrete …