Abstract In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an
increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more …

There is evidence that the more frequent, severe, and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) symptomatology experienced by Black compared to White individuals cannot be …

ABSTRACT Background: African Americans experience more severe and chronic
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms compared to other racial groups, and thus it …

Objective: The race-based traumatic stress theory (Carter, 2007) suggests that some racial-
and ethnic-minority individuals experience racial discrimination as psychological trauma, as …

This study examined the relationship between race-based traumatic stress symptoms and
traditional trauma symptoms in Black Americans. Although research has shown that …

There is growing evidence that general coping plays a role in the degree to which racial
discrimination is associated with mental health symptoms (eg, posttraumatic stress …

Objective Most Black individuals in Canada report having experienced racial discrimination.
Although previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between racial …

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies that examine
relationships between racial discrimination and trauma in order to further understand the …

That racial/ethnic discrimination has adverse physical and psychological consequences,
including stress, anxiety, depression, and their attendant health effects, is well documented …

Research has indicated that racial microaggressions are associated with increased mental
health symptoms among Black Americans. However, despite theory-based assertions and …