Low back pain (LBP) is a major reason for disability, and symptomatic intervertebral disc
(IVD) degeneration (IDD) contributes to roughly 40% of all LBP cases. Current treatment …

Disc degeneration is the most common cause of back pain in adults and has enormous
socioeconomic implications. Conservative management is ineffective in most cases, and …

Lumbar disc degeneration is one of the leading causes of chronic low back pain. The
degenerative cascade is often initiated by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic …

Low back pain resulting from degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of
disability in the UK. Current low back pain treatments are aimed at either treating the …

Low back pain (LBP) represents a frequent and debilitating condition affecting a large part of
the global population and posing a worldwide health and economic burden. The major …

Low back pain is generally attributed to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. This is a
multifactorial disease induced by genetic and environmental factors and that progresses …

Disc degeneration is the loss of the normal nucleus pulposus disc matrix to a more fibrotic
and less cartilaginous structure. This change in disc micro-anatomy can be associated with …

The healthy intervertebral disc (IVD) fulfils the essential function of load absorption, while
maintaining multi-axial flexibility of the spine. The interrelated tissues of the IVD, the annulus …

Recent advances in molecular biology, cell biology and material sciences have opened a
new emerging field of techniques for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. These new …

Low back pain is a major cause of disability worldwide that declines the quality of life; it
poses a substantial economic burden for the patient and society. Intervertebral disc (IVD) …