This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

The mode of neuronal death caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion appears on the
continuum between the poles of catastrophic necrosis and apoptosis: ischemic neurons …

It is likely that humans are born with all of the nerve cells (neurons) that will serve them
throughout life. For all practical purposes, when our neurons die, they are lost forever …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an ordered and tightly controlled set of changes in gene
expression and protein activity that results in neuronal cell death during brain development …

The mode of cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis is frequently discerned by
morphological criteria2. Programmed cell death, which also occurs during development …

Necrosis and apoptosis have been initially identified as two exclusive pathways for cell
death. In acute brain lesions, such as focal ischemia, this binary scheme is challenged by …

It is now recognized that necrotic neurological insults often trigger apoptosis in a subset of
neurons. It is also now apparent that such apoptosis rarely matches the 'classical'apoptosis …

The occurrence of physiological cell death has been known for decades, but interest in the
subject was renewed in 1972 when Kerr, Wyllie and Currie described in detail the …

Recent work has shown that execution of the apoptotic program involves a relatively limited
number of pathways. According to a general view, these would converge to activate the …

Three routes have been identified triggering neuronal death under physiological and
pathological conditions. Excess activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors cause influx and …