This study delves into the foundational aspects of electrocardiographic (ECG) lead systems,
specifically focusing on Einthoven's Triangle and Wilson's Central Terminal. We introduce …

The article by Bacharova et al [1] in this issue of the Journal of Electrocardiography probing
the current understanding of the Wilson's central terminal (CT) concept is most interesting …

Einthoven unipolar leads include the potential of the right arm, left arm, and left leg which, by
definition, are used to form the Wilson central terminal (WCT) as the average of these three …

Even amongst Cardiologists and Cardiac Physiologists there is considerable inconsistency
in the understanding of Wilson's Central Terminal (WCT), an unusual situation considering …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the understanding of the term central terminal (CT) and
to consider the consequences of this level of understanding. A total of 150 questionnaires …

Since its invention (more than 80 years ago), modern electrocardiography has employed a
supposedly stable voltage reference (with little variation during the cardiac cycle) for half of …

Willem Einthoven is widely considered the father of the electrocardiogram (ECG). In 1912,
he proposed a method of determining the electric axis of the heart by using an imaginary …

Methods: After IRB approval, informed consent was obtained from 105 normal volunteers
(age 20-30, 55 females and 50 males) for the study procedures. Tensecond, 12-lead ECG …

A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) reconstructed from a reduced subset of leads is desired
in continued arrhythmia and ST monitoring for less tangled wires and increased patient …

Modern electrocardiography (ECG) uses a constructed reference potential for the majority of
leads. This reference potential, named after its inventor as the Wilson central terminal, is …